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(No Model.) 'K z'sneens-sheen 41.

R. B. JONES. Y

. PLANING MACHINE. No. 278,338. vImelflted May 29,1883.

@N/65365: ,l fwcfior @MM WM N. PETERS PhomLmwgnpher. wumngia". Dy c4 4To all whom it may concern:

citizen of the United States,

` t th rough the machine.

`facture and use the same. l i In cylinder planing-machines as commonlyUNITED STATES' PATENT OFFICE..

RICHARD B." JONES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,'ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS TORANSOM RICHARDS AND GEORGE F. 'WETHERELL, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

PLANING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 278,338, dated May 29,1883.,

4Application filed Febrnaryl, 1883. (No model.)

J oNEs, a residing at Chicago, in the county ofpCook and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new` and useful Improvements inPlaning-Machines, of which the following is afull, clear, and exactdescription, sufficient to enable others skilled in the art to which myinvention appertains to "manu- Be it known that l, RICHARD` B.

constructed it is customary to place in front of therapidly-revolvingcutter-head a presserroll for the purpose of retainingthe lumber on which theV cutters are acting firmly upon the bed of themachine. The journals of such presser-rolls are usually held withinspringseated bearings, which rest in vertical channels formedin the sideof the frame, and their tension is adjusted by means of set-screws forthe different thicknesses of material.` This construction of machine isobjectionable for the reason that, even when operating uponperfectlysawedor true material, it is necessary for satisfactory Work toadjust the tension of the presser-roll for each different thickness oflumber, and for the further reason that when operating upon a lot ofmaterialof different thicknesses, or upon imperfect material, thethickness of which is rendered uneven by reason of distortion orinaccurate sawing, the presser-roll set for a certain thickness willpress too lightly lupon the vthin stuii, while upon the thick stuff itwill bear with such force that it becomes difficult and at timesimpossible to 'press it beneath Vthe presser-roll and The consequence isthat in planing this kind of lumber the operation of the machine isoften necessarily irregular and slow. A further objection to thespringseated presser-roll is that it bears upon the work at such adistance from the point of contact of thecutter-head that the cut of theknives is aptto be somewhat ragged, and knots in the `wood are liable tobe thrown out by the knives' and cause breakage of the machine, for itis obvious that although the roll loel fixed in proximity to the path ofthe knives when set for a very deep cut, it will beat some distancetherefrom when the cutter-head is adjusted to make a shallow surfacecut. j

Instead of employing a presser-roll, as above described, a presser-footor chip-breaker depending from a pivotcd weighted bar, to which it isrigidly connected, is sometimes placed in front of the cutter-head. Thisconstruction of machine is objectionable, however, for the reason thatthe presser-foot, if weighted sufficien tly to keep down the work,offers so great a resistance to its passage as to materially decreasethe speed of the machine, and for the further reason that althougharranged in proximity to the path of the cutting-knives when making adeep cut, it will be at some distance therefrom when they are set tomake a shallow cut. Y

The object of my present invention is to provide a machine which willavoid the above-4 enumerated objections, and by which lumber may beplaned with greater accuracy and speed than has been heretofore possiblein cylindrical machines, and this object I have accomplished bythe novelconstruction of mechanism hereinafter described, particularly pointedout in the claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a perspective view, in front elevation, showingaportion of aplaning-machine `with my improvements applied thereto. Fig.

2 is a view in longitudinal vertical section 8o taken centrally throughthe part of the machine embodyingmy invention. Fig. 3 is a `detail rearperspective view of the presser-foot or chipbreaker. Fig. et is a detailVrear perspective view `of the presser-frame.

A designates thebed ofthe machine, to which is connected, in anysuitable manner, the ver tical standards B, by which is sustained thecutter-head frame B', the vertical adjustment of Whichisett'ected in theusual way by means of the hand-wheel b, the rod b', and the screwrodsb2.

Connected to the housings of the cutter-head, and preferably castintegral therewith,are the 'lugs c, to which are hinged the bentlever-rods C, which extend over the cutter-head and over vand inproximity to the journals ofthe upper one-of the main feed-rolls A2.Upon the rods a Y 4 erases' I C are adjustably secured the Weights c',the

position of which'upon the-rods will regulate the pressure of thematerial upon the bed at a point in front of the cutter-head.

Between the upper feed-roll A2 and the cutter-head is placed what Idesignate the presser-frame,7 the side standards, D, of which areperforated at the top to receive the rods C, upon which thepresser-frame is hung. Setscrews d' in the top of the standards D serveto determine the position of the presser-frame upon the rods, so thatits distance from the cutter-head may be varied as desired.

To'th'e lower front portion of the standards D is journaled, as shown,the presser-roll E, which retains the material upon which thecutter-head is operating securely upon the bedof the machine.

In the back edges of the standards D are formed the recesses d2, inwhich fit, in such manner as to slide freely therein, the reduced endsfof the presser-foot or chip-breaker F, which is retained in place bymeans of the strips cl3, The frontof this chip-breaker is cut away,asshown,toa1low space for the presserlroll, and the back is concaved topermit the back bottom edge, b', to be brought in nearer proximity tothe path of the cutting-knives. At the top of the chip-breaker areformed the lugs f2, through which pass the set-screws f3, which bearupon the shoulders d4 of the side standards, D,and servetolimit thedownward movement of the chip-breaker, as'will hereinafter appear.

Centrally of the cross-bar D', which connects the standards D at theirytops, is bolted the lng d5, to which is pivotally connected thescrew-rod d6, the threadedend of which passes through the slotted barD2, depending from the cross-beam of the cutter head frame. The slottedbar D2 serves to sustain the presserframe, and by means of the set-nutd? and washer on the end of the screw-rod d6 the vertical adjustment ofthe presser-frame, and consequently of the presser-roll andchip-breaker, with respect tov the cutter-head is effected.

'lhe slot in the bar D2, as well as the pivoted connection withthepresser-frame, allows the lattery to be readily adjusted in longitudinadirection upon the sustaining-rods C.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that by sustaining thepressure mechanism from the same frame that carries the cutter-'head anyvertical adjustment of the latter will at theV same-time ed'ect thenecessary corresponding adjustment of the pressure mechanism when thesame depth of eut is to be made in boards of different thicknesses. Bymaking the pressure mechanism longitudinally adjustable it can bereadily brought very neur the path ofthe cutting-knives, whatever may bethe depth of the cut, and thus secure a better cutting action and avoidall danger of their withdrawing knots from the wood. ,I have found inpractice that the weight of the presser-foot or chip-breaker issufficient in itself to effect a proper action of the cuttingknives, andfor this reason it is held in the standards i-n such manner that it canhave a free vertical movement and avoid oering any unnecessaryresistance to the passage of the work. The pressure requisite to retainthe work upon the bed is exerted by the presser-roll, which offers muchless friction than would be given by a weighted presser-foot, and henceallows thematerial to be fed much more rapidly through the machine.

My object in arranging the rods that sustain the pressure mechanism insuch position relative to the upper main feed-roll that it will belifted thereby when the rollis pressed beyond a certain distance is toinsure the proper entry beneath the presser-roll of any unusually-thickmaterial which may have been forced between the main feed-rolls, By thisconstruction the jamming of the material against the presserfoot orpresser-roll after passing through the main feed-rolls is entirelyavoided. The setscrews in the upper corners of the presser-foot vorchip-breaker allow the same to be so adjusted that it can descend aslight distance below the presser-roll (a quarter of an inch issufficient) in order to insure its bearing con stantly upon the surfaceof the work. As the bottom edge of the presser-foot is subjected toconsiderable friction, the set-screws allow it to .be lowered whennecessary to compensate for wear.

The operation of the machine, as will be seen from the construction asabove defined, is as follows: The cutting-knives having been set for thedesired depth of cut upon material of certain thickness, the screw-rodis adjusted vertically until the presser-roll will bear with suficientforce upon the work, and the pressure- ICO frame is adjustedlongitudinally until-the botv tom back edge of the presser-foot orchipbreaker is in close proximity to the path of the knives. The mainfeed-rolls, which are springseated and of common construction, areadjusted in the usual manner. If now the lumber be fed into the machine,it will be found, as already stated, that, without any unnecessaryfriction, the presser-roll will hold the same firmly upon the bed, andthe presser-foot or chip-breaker will secure the accurate working of thecutters and prevent roughness of cut or tearing out of knots. In casethe same depth of cut is to be made upon thicker material, it is onlynecessary to adjust the cutter-head frame in vertical direction, as byso doing a corresponding adjustment of the pressure mechanism iseffected. It' the depth of cut is varied, a corresponding longitudinaladjustment of the pressure mechanism will be made t0 bring thechip-breaker in close proximity to the path of the cutting-knives.

IIO

Although I havestated in the foregoing de- 278,338," y' j Y a widelimits 3Without departing `from the spirit of the invention. Some of thefeatures may be used without the others, or in connection withcorresponding parts of other machines.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters el. In a planing-machine, the combination,

`with the weightedrods,`of the pressure-frame `provided-With apresser-roll and a vertically and'freely movable chip-breaker,substantially as described.

2. `In a planing-machine, the combination,

y i E withthecutter-head,ofalongitudinally-adjust able pressure-framecarrying a chip-breaker `and a presser'roll, substantially as described.

A3. In a planing-machine, the combination,

with the cutterhead, of the presserroll and a vertically and freelymovable chip-breaker,

substantially as described.

l4c. In a planing-machine, the combination of i i theweighted rods "andlongitudinally-adjustable pressure mechanism mounted nponsaid rods,substantially as described.

5. In awplaning-machine, the combination, with'the cutter-head, of alongitudinally and `1 vertically adjustable pressure-frame provided lwith the cutter-head and the adjustable frame for sustaining the same,of the Weighted rods hinged to said adjustable frame and apressure-frame adjustably connected to the sustaining-frame of thecutter-head, substantially as described.-

8. In a planing-machine, the combination of a pressure-frame havingvertical guide'ways,

and a chip-breaker mounted loosely in said guideways and providedwithset-screws for 9. In a planing-machine, the combination,

with the cutter-head, of the main feed-roll A2 and the hinged rods U,carrying pressure mechanism and extending beyond and a slight distanceabove the journal of the main feed-roll in such relation to said mainfeed-roll as to be lifted thereby when the feed-roll is forced beyohd acertain distance, substantially as described. 1

10. In a planing-machine, the combination, with the cutter-head, of themain feed-roll A2, the pressure-frame carrying the presser-roll E, andthe hinged rods connected with said pressure-frame and arranged in suchrelation to said main feed-roll as to be lifted thereby when thefeed-roll is forced beyond a certain distance, substantially as'described.

ll. In a planing-machine, the combination, with the cutter-head andmechanism for sustaining and adjusting the same, of the depend,- entslotted bar, the screw-rod, the crossbar, and pressure mechanism,substantially as described.

12.v In a planing-machine, the combination, with the cutter-head, of thepressure-standards carrying the vpresser-roll, and provided with groovesor Ways, and the presser-foot or chip-breaker having edges adapted toslide freely on theways ofthe side standards, substantially asdescribed.

GEORGE P. FrsHEn, Jr., C. R. RICHARDS.

